Mysql
MySQL 8.016 master 和 AWS RDS 上的 MariaDB 10.2 slave，字元集“#255”不是編譯字元集
我有一個 MySQL 8.016 master 和一個 MariaDB 10.2 slave，兩者都在 AWS RDS 上執行。這一直很好，直到今天，當我想我想改為進行鏈複製時，就像這樣
MySQL 8.016 -> MySQL 8.016 -> MariaDB 10.2
然而，在我的 MariaDB 實例上更改了 master 之後，我得到了可怕的
Error 'Character set '#255' is not a compiled character set錯誤。然後我嘗試改回舊主人，但我仍然得到這個錯誤！幾個月前，當我第一次讓我的設置工作時，我遇到了這個問題，第一次，我通過utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci從我的 MySQL 實例中清除排序規則來解決它，據我所知，它們仍然被清除。我的 MySQL 8.016 主實例的輸出
mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%char%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8mb4 | | character_set_connection | utf8mb4 | | character_set_database | utf8mb4 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8mb4 | | character_set_server | utf8mb4 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /rdsdbbin/mysql-8.0.16.R1/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0,04 sec) mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%collat%'; +-------------------------------+--------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------------+--------------------+ | collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci | | default_collation_for_utf8mb4 | utf8mb4_general_ci | +-------------------------------+--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0,03 sec)我的 MariaDB 10.2 從屬實例的輸出
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.186 Master_User: mariadb_slave Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin-changelog.022828 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 532651 Relay_Log_File: relaylog.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 433 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin-changelog.022827 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: mysql.rds_sysinfo,innodb_memcache.cache_policies,mysql.rds_replication_status,mysql.plugin,mysql.rds_history,innodb_memcache.config_options Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 22 Last_Error: Error 'Character set '#255' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/rdsdbbin/mariadb-10.2.21.R1/share/charsets/Index.xml' file' on query. Default database: 'magnublo_scraping'. Query: 'BEGIN' Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 124 Relay_Log_Space: 3150873 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 22 Last_SQL_Error: Error 'Character set '#255' is not a compiled character set and is not specified in the '/rdsdbbin/mariadb-10.2.21.R1/share/charsets/Index.xml' file' on query. Default database: 'magnublo_scraping'. Query: 'BEGIN' Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 36970531 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Using_Gtid: No Gtid_IO_Pos: Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids: Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids: Parallel_Mode: conservative SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: 1 row in set (0,04 sec)是否有一些我可能會失去的變數？
在 MySQL 8.0 和 MariaDB 10.x 之間進行複制時，這可能是一個嚴重的問題。
8.0的預設值（出於良好的技術原因）
COLLATION是utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci. 注意與之關聯的“255”。MariaDB 尚未採用 Unicode 9.0 排序規則。此外，Oracle (MySQL 8.0) 對排序規則程式碼進行了重大重寫，從而可能使排序規則表不兼容。
一個可能的解決方法是切換到下一個最佳通用排序規則
utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci(246)（基於 Unicode 5.20）。這將需要ALTERing所有列的排序規則。ALTER TABLE .. CONVERT TO ..可能是最快的方法。這些可以通過SELECT .. information_schema.tables ....8.0.17:
mysql> show collation like 'utf8mb4%'; +----------------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+ | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | Pad_attribute | +----------------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+ | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 255 | Yes | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | <-- Note | utf8mb4_0900_as_ci | utf8mb4 | 305 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 278 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_0900_bin | utf8mb4 | 309 | | Yes | 1 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_cs_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 266 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_cs_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 289 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_da_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 267 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_da_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 290 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_de_pb_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 256 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_de_pb_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 279 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_eo_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 273 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_eo_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 296 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_es_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 263 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_es_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 286 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_es_trad_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 270 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_es_trad_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 293 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_et_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 262 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_et_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 285 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | | Yes | 1 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_hr_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 275 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_hr_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 298 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_hu_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 274 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_hu_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 297 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_is_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 257 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_is_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 280 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_ja_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 303 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_ja_0900_as_cs_ks | utf8mb4 | 304 | | Yes | 24 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_la_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 271 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_la_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 294 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_lt_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 268 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_lt_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 291 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_lv_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 258 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_lv_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 281 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_pl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 261 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_pl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 284 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_ro_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 259 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_ro_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 282 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_ru_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 306 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_ru_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 307 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_sk_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 269 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_sk_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 292 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_sl_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 260 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_sl_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 283 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_sv_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 264 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_sv_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 287 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_tr_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 265 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_tr_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 288 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | <-- | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | Yes | 8 | PAD SPACE | | utf8mb4_vi_0900_ai_ci | utf8mb4 | 277 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_vi_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 300 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | | utf8mb4_zh_0900_as_cs | utf8mb4 | 308 | | Yes | 0 | NO PAD | +----------------------------+---------+-----+---------+----------+---------+---------------+ 75 rows in set (0.01 sec)MariaDB 10.2.30：
mysql> SHOW COLLATION LIKE 'utf8mb4%'; +------------------------------+---------+------+---------+----------+---------+ | Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen | +------------------------------+---------+------+---------+----------+---------+ | utf8mb4_general_ci | utf8mb4 | 45 | Yes | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_bin | utf8mb4 | 46 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_unicode_ci | utf8mb4 | 224 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_icelandic_ci | utf8mb4 | 225 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_latvian_ci | utf8mb4 | 226 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_romanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 227 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovenian_ci | utf8mb4 | 228 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_polish_ci | utf8mb4 | 229 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_estonian_ci | utf8mb4 | 230 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish_ci | utf8mb4 | 231 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_swedish_ci | utf8mb4 | 232 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_turkish_ci | utf8mb4 | 233 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_czech_ci | utf8mb4 | 234 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_danish_ci | utf8mb4 | 235 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci | utf8mb4 | 236 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_slovak_ci | utf8mb4 | 237 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_spanish2_ci | utf8mb4 | 238 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_roman_ci | utf8mb4 | 239 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_persian_ci | utf8mb4 | 240 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_esperanto_ci | utf8mb4 | 241 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_hungarian_ci | utf8mb4 | 242 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_sinhala_ci | utf8mb4 | 243 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_german2_ci | utf8mb4 | 244 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_croatian_mysql561_ci | utf8mb4 | 245 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci | utf8mb4 | 246 | | Yes | 8 | <-- | utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci | utf8mb4 | 247 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_croatian_ci | utf8mb4 | 608 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_myanmar_ci | utf8mb4 | 609 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_thai_520_w2 | utf8mb4 | 610 | | Yes | 4 | | utf8mb4_general_nopad_ci | utf8mb4 | 1069 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_nopad_bin | utf8mb4 | 1070 | | Yes | 1 | | utf8mb4_unicode_nopad_ci | utf8mb4 | 1248 | | Yes | 8 | | utf8mb4_unicode_520_nopad_ci | utf8mb4 | 1270 | | Yes | 8 | +------------------------------+---------+------+---------+----------+---------+ 33 rows in set (0.00 sec)