Postgresql

psql：致命：對不起，已經有太多客戶了

  • August 5, 2021

在嘗試訪問使用 postgresql 數據庫的網站時，甚至在使用 psql 實用程序或 pgadmin3 時，我突然收到此錯誤。

我的數據庫設置為最多處理 150 個連接：

# SHOW max_connections;
max_connections 
-----------------
150
(1 row)

重新啟動我的網站所在的 ubuntu 伺服器後（這實際上是唯一使用連接的東西），我看到目前的連接數是 140：

# select count(*) from pg_stat_activity;
count 
-------
  140
(1 row)

我不明白重新啟動伺服器後突然有這麼多連接。所以我檢查了 postgresql 活動：

# SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity;

我看到超過 100 列具有相同的查詢，如下所示：

SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1

更重要的是它們都具有相同的客戶端地址（我的 Web 伺服器）。

此 Web 伺服器使用 ruby​​ on rails 連接池為 50。即使連接池為 50，Passenger 程序/prefork apache 配置是單執行緒的，因此每個程序無法產生 50 個執行緒和 50 個數據庫連接。更重要的是，這發生在系統重新啟動後，將所有使用者都從我的 Web 伺服器中刪除。可能是數據庫伺服器上的 postgresql 不知道 Web 伺服器重新啟動，並且仍在嘗試執行這些查詢。

為了回答克雷格的評論，在等待欄下顯示字母“f”。看起來查詢仍在執行中，鎖還沒有被釋放。正如我之前所說，奇怪的是，在這個執行狀態下，突然出現了 100 多個相隔幾毫秒的相同查詢。這就是我的奧秘：

mydb=# SELECT * FROM pg_stat_activity;

datid  | datname  | procpid | usesysid | usename |                                                                           current_query                                                                           | waiting |          xact_start           |          query_start          |         backend_start         |  client_addr   | client_port
--------+----------+---------+----------+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+----------------+-------------
464875 | mydb     |    4992 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.437081-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.437081-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:44.089764-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37166
464875 | mydb     |    4993 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.497764-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.497764-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:44.277856-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37167
464875 | mydb     |    4994 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.504425-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.504425-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:44.485269-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37168
464875 | mydb     |    4996 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.482695-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.482695-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:44.688203-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37169
464875 | mydb     |    4998 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.432836-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:48.432836-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:44.703883-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37170

-- many more

464875 | mydb     |    5052 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.584386-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.584386-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:51.85682-04  | 192.111.11.111 |       37360
464875 | mydb     |    5053 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.506483-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.506483-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.083316-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37367
464875 | mydb     |    8958 |    16387 | myuser | <IDLE>                                                                                                                                                            | f       |                               | 2014-06-29 00:05:06.735249-04 | 2014-06-27 16:34:39.307312-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       52759
464875 | mydb     |    5054 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.52573-04  | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.52573-04  | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.285867-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37371
464875 | mydb     |    5055 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.530804-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.530804-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.303562-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37372
464875 | mydb     |    5056 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.572198-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.572198-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.31447-04  | 192.111.11.111 |       37373
464875 | mydb     |    5057 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.872037-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.872037-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.323721-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37374
464875 | mydb     |    5058 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.961803-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.961803-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.334238-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37375
464875 | mydb     |    5059 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.53713-04  | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.53713-04  | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.347227-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37376
464875 | mydb     |    5060 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:47:00.208948-04 | 2014-06-28 22:47:00.208948-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.360008-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37377
464875 | mydb     |    5061 |    16387 | myuser | SELECT  "reports".* FROM "reports"  WHERE (("reports"."time" < '2014-06-28 13:30:42.000000' AND "reports"."unit_id" = 3192)) ORDER BY "reports"."id" DESC LIMIT 1 | f       | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.938983-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:59.938983-04 | 2014-06-28 22:46:52.369496-04 | 192.111.11.111 |       37378

這似乎是客戶端程式的特定問題。您將無法通過例如提高“max_connections”參數來解決此問題。

我發現了一個可能的相關問題： Ruby database connection pooling

儘管您還可以進行更多伺服器端調試：

啟用“log_connections”和“log_disconnections”。還將“log_line_prefix”與“%m %a %p”一起使用。

用於調試 PostgreSQL 伺服器的非常有用的應用程序是powa或更多頂級應用程序，例如：pg_activity

對於實時伺服器調試，我更喜歡pg_activity - 特別是它具有顯示阻止程序和終止會話的功能。

可能主要是由於開發環境。

如果將 knex.js 用於 pql + next.js，請檢查此問題

引用自：https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/69438

相關問答

Postgresql

Postgres：“顯示 max_connections；”從 postgresql.conf 文件輸出不同的值

  • September 1, 2020
檢視問答
Postgresql

應該為 1000 個使用者的 Jira 系統設置多少池連接大小？

  • February 17, 2020
檢視問答
Postgresql

什麼是有效錠數

  • February 1, 2019
檢視問答
Postgresql

將 PostgreSQL 還原到本地數據庫期間出現 max_connections 錯誤

  • September 25, 2018
檢視問答
Postgresql

PgBouncer 是否為每個數據庫配置條目創建一個單獨的池？

  • August 25, 2017
檢視問答
Postgresql

對 PostgreSQL 中的最大連接數感到困惑

  • February 3, 2017
檢視問答